Status of hepatitis B immunization in medical stuffs at Children Medical Center Hospital-Tehran

Hepatitis B is a disease caused by the hepatitis B virus [HBV], which is transmitted through percutaneous [i.e., puncture through the skin] or mucosal [i.e., direct contact with mucous membranes] exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. HBV can cause chronic infection, resulting in cirrhosis of the liver, liver cancer, liver failure, and death. Persons with chronic infection also serve as the main reservoir for continued HBV transmission. This is a prospective cross sectional study was performed in Children Medical Center Hospital on 396 medical personals [including 172 students, 92 interns, 56 residents and 56 fellowships] during September 2012 to October 2013. All of medical staff had done HB vaccination. In 93% of them the vaccination was complete. The others, 16% had only one, and 84% had two dose injections. 73% didn't check HBsAb after vaccination. Results showed in 21.4% of fellowships, 42.8% of residents, non of interns and 35% of students, had checked HBsAb. Hepatitis B is a vaccine-preventable disease. HB is a serious world wide infection and medical staff are one of the most high risk groups. So Vaccinate their and HBS Antibody titer determination after complete vaccination is mandatory

Maternal knowledge and attitude toward exclusive breast milk feeding [BMF] in the first 6 months of infant in Mashhad

Breast milk is a complete food for growing children until 6 months of age, and mothers, as the most important child health care, play a decisive role in their growth. So promoting their attitude toward the benefits of breastfeeding ensures guarantee child health in the future. This study aimed to assess maternal knowledge and attitude of Mashhad toward exclusive BMF in the first 6 months of infant life. This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 126 mothers who referring to Mashhad health-care centers for monitoring their 6-24 month year old infants. They completed questionnaire. Participants were selected by cluster and simple random sampling. Data were analyzed by descriptive- analytic tests and using SPSS 11.5. Mean score of maternal attitude toward exclusive BMF was 14.32 +/- 5.28 [out of 28] and maternal knowledge score toward advantages of breast milk was 19.59 +/- 4.80 [out of 28]. The incidence of exclusive BMF in the first 6 months of life study was 73.8%. Child growth was as follows: excellent growth [5.6%] and good growth [42.1%]. ANOVA showed a significant difference between parents' education and maternal attitude towards exclusive BMF; whatever higher education of parents, more positive maternal attitude towards exclusive BMF [P<0.05]. There was a significant direct relationship between knowledge and attitude [Spearman test, P-value= 0.000 and r= 0.4]. Maternal attitude towards exclusive BMF was moderate. It is essential to plan for mothers by officials in order to promote breast-feeding in the first 6 months of baby's life to enhance positive maternal attitude in this regard

Congenital rickets: report of four cases

Vitamin D deficiency and rickets continue to be health problems in developing countries and most of the infants with congenital rickets may present with hypocalcemic seizure. In this article, the report on four infants who presented with hypocalcemic seizures but subsequently were found to have congenital rickets is presented. All of them had hypocalcaemia and low level of serum 25- hydroxy vitamin D. Their mothers had not received vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and so evidence of vitamin D deficiency was presented. Although current vitamin D supplementation guidelines for infants was effective in prevention of rickets in Iranian children, it is necessary to evaluate women before pregnancy to prevent this entity. Also infants without vitamin D supplementation therapy who present with seizures during the first 6 months of age should undergo biochemical and other investigations for rickets

Iron and multivitamin supplements in children and its association with growth rate

Vitamin deficiency and iron deficiency anemia are common nutritional problems, at least in children under 5. These materials shortage, especially in the first two years of life, impair physical and brain growth, reduces the child's learning ability, reduces body resistance against infections, behavioral changes, apathy and finally social and economic adverse consequences would be followed. This study aimed to determine the supplements used in children under two years and its Association with Growth rate in Mashhad City. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 300 children 6 to 24 months were recruited in health centers in Mashhad, Data was collected from mother and children' records and valid and reliable questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed by statistical tests and SPSS 11.5 and P<0.05 was considered significant. Results showed that 13.7 percent of families were with low income, 82.7 percent middle income and 3.7 percent well income. In growth chart, 86.7 percent of children showed appropriate growth, 10.3 percent had delayed growth and 3 percent had horizontal growth curve .In 80.7 percent of families, maternal multivitamin and iron drops have been used to their children regularly, 1.7 percent did not believe in these supplements and 17.7 percent of mothers sometimes used these supplements for their children. Results also showed statistical correlation significant variables of parental education, family income, mothers referred to health centers for monitoring the growth and get face to face training of personnel center drops of multivitamin with iron and growth status of children variable is available, so children who regularly have used supplements and income level and above are literate parents have grown more favorable than the other kids [P<0.05]. Regarding the importance of iron and multivitamin use in children under two years, necessary training must be provided to mothers in this field by health centers personnel. Meanwhile, it is recommended that the authorities must distribute periodical and enough drops to health centers

Frequency of thalassemia in Iran and Khorasan Razavi

Beta-thalassemia is the most common hereditary disease in Iran. More than two million carriers of beta-thalassemia live in Iran. Since the Iranian population is a mixture of different ethnic groups, it is necessary to determine the frequency in the different parts of the country. This descriptive study is a cross sectional study with helping by professional groups fighting diseases in Khorasan Razavi province. In Iran, according to World Health Organization, about 4 percent of the population, are carriers of the thalassemia gene. In other words, about 2-3 million people are suffering from thalassemia minor. Now, more than 18 thousand cases of thalassemia are scattered across the country in different provinces, are different. Mazandaran, Gilan, Hormozgan, Khuzestan, kohgiloyeh, Fars, Bushehr, Sistan and Baluchestan, Kerman and Isfahan, are 10 provinces with high prevalence in our country. We have 342 cases of thalassemia major in Khorasan Razavi province. Prevalence of thalassemia in our country is 3.6% and Iran is located on the belt of thalassemia and due to a history of consanguinity, this disease has a prevalence of 0.6% among in the provinces of Khorasan Razavi

Kawasaki disease presenting as acute clinical hepatitis

Kawasaki disease is a systemic vasculitis of children. Among gastrointestinal symptoms of this disease jaundice occurs uncommonly. We present a 23 month boy with icter and clinical hepatitis and final diagnosis of kawasaki disease

Investigating the rate of group Bstreptococcus in below 3 months year old infants with sepsis clinical symptoms hospitalized in Ghaem hospital of Mashahd

Group B streptococcus is the main reason of neonatal infection in developed countries and causes a widespread clinical indications. In developing countries such as Iran, its rate of appearance is not determined. With regard to colonization and the relative high epithelia of group B streptococcus, it is likely that the incidence of group B streptococcus in neonatal sepsis is so high. In the present study, we attempted to use the molecular methods to identify this bacterium and develop the culture environments as well. In the present study, a hundred below three months year old infants with sepsis hospitalized in ICU sector of Ghaem hospital for one year were studied since Khordad 1388 [June 2010]. After getting consent from the infants' parents, three blood samples of these patients in the sterile container with lid were transferred to the laboratory [two samples for culturing in normal environment and the other for PRC]. All of the information was filled out by doctors in the incidence. SPSS 11.5 and descriptive-analytic tests were used for data analysis. 100 infants less than three month, with clinical signs of sepsis were enrolled. Group B Streptococcus and did not grow in none of the culture three infants had positive PCR for Group B Streptococcus, 5 cases had positive normal and developed culture and 6 cases had negative normal and developed culture. 64 percent of pregnant women have taken antibodies before delivery. With regard to the high rate of anti-biotic consumption by mothers before delivery, it is necessary to use more sensitive methods like PCR to identify the Group B Streptococcus

Zinc deficiency in pregnancy and fetal - neonatal outcomes and impact of the supplements on pregnancy outcomes

Zinc is one of the essential elements of body which has an important role in natural growth, development, and many biological performances. Zinc deficiency is a major health problem and pregnant women are at high risk. 82% of pregnant women worldwide suffer from zinc deficiency. Zinc deficiency during pregnancy has dangerous and irreparable effects such as growth impairment, spontaneous abortion, congenital malformations, intrauterine growth retardation [IUGR], low birth weight [LBW], preeclampsia, premature labor, prolonged labor, postpartum bleeding, delayed neurobehavioral development, delayed immune system development, and leads to increase of mortality rate. Therefore, the importance of proper nutrition during pregnancy and fetal period, because of lasting effects of these periods are far more than other parts of life. Data gathered from human studies indicate that using zinc supplements have contradictory effects on pregnancy period and growth, survival and neurobehavioral development of the embryo, but the supplements can also have beneficial effects on neonatal immune system and decrease of infants morbidity rate resulted from infectious diseases. Hence, focus on functional outcomes of using supplements such as rates of survival, congenital malformations, embryo growth, pregnancy duration, neurobehavioral development, and also considerations on the micronutrients interferences are suggested for further research

Clinical and molecular genetic analysis of Iranian patients with neonatal diabetes demonstrating mutations in KCNJ11 gene

We screened the KCNJ11 gene from 35 individuals clinically diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus under the age of 6 months in 3 years duration. Six different heterozygous missense mutations were found in 7 of the 35 probands, which accounted for 20% of all individuals. A novel mutation W68R [No Locus, GU170814; 2009] was identified in the kir6.2, the pore-forming subunit of the KATP channels from pancreatic beta -cells. Our results demonstrated that activating mutations in KCNJ11 gene could cause Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus [PNDM] with onset prior to six months